MATRICES - TYPES AND MATRIX OPERATION

(1) Row Matrix / Vector: A matrix having only one row is called row matrix. It is also denoted by row vector. Examples: (a) [ a11 a12 a13 …….a1n ] 1 xn (b) [5 6 2 3 -7 8 9 ] 1 x 7 (2) Column Matrix / Vector: A matrix having only one column is called column matrix. It is also denoted by column vector. Examples: a 11 a 21 a 31 . (3) Square Matrix: A square matrix is a matrix in which the number of rows must be equal to the number of columns. A (m x n) matrix is said to be a square matrix of order n, if m = n. Examples: (a) 2 x 2 (b) 3 x 3 (c) 4 x4 (4) Null Matrix: A matrix of any order whose all elements are zero is called a null matrix or zero matrix, denoted by 0. Examples: (a) 2 x 2 (b) 3 x 3 (5) Diagonal Matrix: A square matrix having non-zero elements in the principal diagonal (diagonal – left to right) and zero in all other positions is called a diagonal matrix. Example: It is noted that all diagonal matrices are squa